（11）have 短语
have a break 休息一下
have a bright future 有一位辉煌的以后
have (got) a cold / cough / headache / fever 伤风/咳嗽/头疼/发烧
have a conversation with sb 与某人攀谈
[对比have a dialogue with sb 与某人对话
have a talk with sb (about sth) （就某事）与某人举行调换
have a word with sb = would like a word with sb 和某人谈几句，跟某人说句话]
have a gift for… 对……有天资（对比have a reputation for… 有……名誉/名气）
have a good flight （坐飞机）旅途开心
have a good knowledge of … 对……很熟习，醒目……
have a good laugh over… 对……笑了个够
have a good / great / wonderful time = have (great) fun 玩得（十分）开心，过得开心
have a / the habit of …= be in a / the habit of… 有……的习气
（对比get into / form the habit of… 养成……的习气
get sb into the habit of… 使某人养成……的习气）
have a hit 风靡一时刻
have a large population 人丁许多
have / take a look 看一看
have a meeting / party 开会/举行晚会
have a nice / pleasant trip / journey 祝旅途开心
have (got ) a pain (in the…) （身体某部位）疼
have a part-time job 做兼职工做
have a (good) rest 休息
have / take a seat 坐下（对比have / take one’s seat 坐某人的坐位）
have a stomachache 胃疼，肚子疼
have a sweet tooth 喜欢吃甜食
have a swim 游水
have a table tennis match 举行一场乒乓竞赛
have a test 举行考试
have a try 试一试
have / show an appetite for… 有……的盼望或者兴趣
have / make an appointment with sb 和某人有预约, 和某人有约定
have an effect on / upon… 对……有影响，对……发生结局
（对比influence… = affect … 对……有影响
have no effect / influence on … 对……有无影响
have a good / bad effect on … 对……有好/坏影响
have a great / little effect on … 对……有太大的影响/影响不大
have a strong influence on… 对……有太大影响）
have / take an exam 参与审核
have an eye for 有眼力，有眼力
have an income of … 有……的利润
have access to … 运用（靠近……的）权力或者机遇
have breakfast / lunch / supper 吃早饭/午饭/晚饭
have lessons / classes 上课
have mercy on… 饶恕……，对……善良，对……表现怜惜
have no chance of surviving 有无生涯的应该性
have no choice but to do sth 别无选择，只好做某事
have none of … 基本不理睬……
have on 穿着
have sth on sb 某人身上带着某物
have / take one’s medicine 服药，吃药
have some difficulty / trouble / problems with … 在……有难题/难题事
[对比have some difficulty / trouble / problems (in ) doing sth 做某事有难题/难题]
have something / nothing in common (with…) （与……）有一同点／有无一同的场所
（对比have much / a lot in common with… 与……有许多一样的场所
have little in common with… 与……全部有无一样的场所）
have something / nothing to do with … 与……有关／有无关系
have to = have got to 不能不，必须
比如
Class is over. Let’s have a break.
I’ve got a cough.
Dad and I had a good laugh over that.
They are having a good time.
He stopped to have a look.
We are going to have a table tennis match tomorrow afternoon.
Are we going to have a meeting this week?
Here is a tree. Let me have a rest.
Are you going to have a swim呢？
We’ll have a test tomorrow.
Where is Peter? I want to have a word with him.
Does she have lunch at home呢？
Then it has no choice but to lie down and sleep.
He knew about the order, he knew why the soldiers were there, but he would have none of it.
We have four lessons in the morning and two in the afternoon.
Most of his questions have nothing to do with his lessons.
I noticed that he had on bedroom slippers.
Please come here and have my seat, Granny.
He hasn’t had any medicine.
At three fifty in the afternoon we have sports.
（12）hold 短语
hold a meeting / party 开会/举行晚会
hold back 畏缩，犹豫，阻挠，掌控住
hold one’s breath 屏息，不出气
hold on 等一等，不-要挂电话
hold on to 捉住，保住
hold out 伸出，维持下去，维持
hold up 阻挠，使停留，举起，拿起，截至
hold together 连在一同，结合一样
比如
Anger flooded through her. She couldn’t hold it back.
—Could I speak to Mr Smith? —Hold on, please.
The little boy held out his hands.
I think water supplies won’t hold out much longer.
Sorry, I’m late. I was held up at work.
（13）keep 短语
keep away from 避开，别靠近
keep back 遮盖，忍住，阻止……向前，留下
keep down 掌控
keep off 勿踏，勿踩
keep off sb / sth 不来往或者不靠近某人/某东西
keep on 连续举行
keep out 不得入内
keep…out 把……挡住，把……留在外头keep out of … 不进去……
keep up 连续，维持，维持，使（心情等）不降低
keep up with… = catch up with… 跟上，赶上
keep a date 赴约
keep a healthy diet 维持安康的饮食
keep a record / records 维持纪录
keep an eye on 凝望，留意，注重，照料
（对比keep an eye out for 凝望，留意，注重）
keep busy doing 忙着做某事
keep fit 维持安康
keep…in mind = learn…by heart = remember… 把……记着
keep (on) doing sth 连续一直地做某事
[对比keep sb doing sth 使某人不停/连续做某事
keep … from doing 阻止……做，不让……做
stop / prevent… (from) doing 故障/预防/阻止……做，不让……做]
keep one’s appointment 违约（对比break one’s appointment 失约）
keep one’s balance 维持平衡
keep one’s word(s) 根据信誉
keep safe 维持平安
keep silent over … 对……维持缄默
keep the same look 维持本貌
keep watch 维持警备，站岗
比如
I would have been here sooner, but the rainstorm kept me back.
Every week there was a rebellion（起义）somewhere, and the Austrian soldiers were kept busy hurrying from one town to another in order to put down the rebellions.
While Leonov was outside the ship, he kept in touch by telephone with his companion and with the earth.
He kept on telling us the same story over and over.
You may depend on his doing what he says, for he is a person who always keeps his words.
Danger么！ Keep out么！
Will this overcoat keep the rain out?
It is also bad manners to keep silent when the teacher asks you a question.
The rain kept up all night.
I see you are getting along well with your English studies. Keep up the good work.
The good news keeps our spirits up.
He walked so fast that I could hardly keep up with him.
Every few hundred meters along the wall there are watch-towers, where soldiers used to keep watch.
There is a sign there saying, “Keep off the grass.啊”
（14）knock 短语
knock at /on 敲打（门.窗等）
knock down 把……撞倒，击倒
knock into 撞到，撞上某人，恰巧遇见
knock sb out (of sth) 淘-汰某人
knock over 撞翻，撞倒
比如
We knocked at / on the door but there was no one there.
He was in hospital last night after being knocked down by a car.
Tom entered the classroom hurriedly and knocked into Mr. White.
He almost knocked into me before he realized it.
If no one answers the front door, try knocking at the back door.
（16）make 短语
make into 制成，做到（以后跟成品，制制品）
[对比be made in 在……生产/缔造
be made of 由……组成/组成，用某种本原料制成（物理转变）
be made from 由……组成/组成，用某种本原料制成（化学转变）
be made up of = consist of 由……组成，由……组成]
make out 领会，看清晰
make up 化妆，妆扮，和解，配制，假造，虚拟，组成，组成
make up for 填补，添补，赔偿
made up one’s mind 下信心
make a choice 做出选择
make a commitment 允许，保证
make a comment / comments (on / upon…) （对……）揭晓谈论
make a (great) contribution to… 为……做出（巨大）奉献，为……捐
make a decision 做出决定
make a (no) difference （没）有关系/影响
make a face / faces 扮鬼脸
make a fire 生火
make a film / blockbuster／follow-ups 拍电影/巨片／续集
make a fool of sb = fool sb 捉弄某人（对比make fool of … 捉弄）
make / leave / create a good impression (on sb) （给某人）留下好印象
make a mistake / mistakes 出过错
make (a) noise 缔造噪音，发出使人不开心的声音
make a note / notes of… 纪录，做笔-记 ，记下去
make a plan (for… ) （为……）划定谋划，划定一位（……的）谋划
make a point of doing sth 以为做某事主要或者有必-要
make a promise 允许
make a record 录制唱片，做纪录
（对比record a song 录一首歌
set a world record 缔造世界纪录）
make (a) suggestion (on …) 提出（关于……）的建议
make a telephone call 买电话
make / take a trip / journey to … 去某地游览
make conversation 攀谈
make (both) ends meet 使利润和支出相抵
make friends with sb 与某人交同伴
make fun of… 取笑，取笑，和……开玩笑
make it（事情上）获取成-功
make jokes about sb 拿某人开玩笑，以某别认谋划笑柄
make mistake about… 犯了……过错
make / earn money 挣
make oneself at home 不羁绊，别客套
make oneself known 使/让自己着名
make one’s way to… 往……走去
make progress (in …) （在……方方面面）获取提高
make sense 有意义，在理由，讲得通
make sense of… 弄懂……的意义
make sth to (one’s own) measure （按自己的尺寸）定做
make sure 保证，确认，查明
make the adjustment to… 顺应……
make the / one’s bed 整理床铺
make (full) use of …= make the most / best of … (足够)使用
比如
Bamboo is also made into paper.
Our desks and chairs are made of wood.
The paper for books and newspapers also is made from wood.
This engine is made up of 490 parts.
The actor made himself up for the part of an old man.
These days many girls make up when they are still quite young.
She made up a good lunch from bits and pieces.
There isn’t any little girl called Kitty here. He has just made her up.
Hard work can often make up for lack of intelligence.
Everyone should make full use of time.
But wait till you see what we’ll make for you to your own measure.
I have made up my mind, and nothing you say will change it.
They made fun of my mistakes when I tried to speak English.
（17）pass 短语
pass away 逝世，死（含蓄说法）
pass by 通过，从旁边通过
pass down 传下去，散播，使世代相传 ，一代一代传下去
pass on (to sb) 转交给(某人)，传给(某人)
pass on from one generation to the next 一代代散播下去
pass out 丢弃知觉，昏厥
pass through 穿过，凌驾
pass sth from one to another 把某东西从一人传到另一人手上
pass the examination 通过审核
比如
Dr Johnson passed away last night.
They all waved to us as they passed by.
The tradition has been passed down from father to son for generations.
She said she’d pass the message on to the other students.
I nearly passed out when I saw the blood.
（18）pay 短语
pay attention to … 对……注重，留意……
pay a visit to sb / a place 会见，造访（某人），观光（某地）
pay back 归还（贷款），谢，抨击
pay for 付款，付费，付价值 （对比pay a high price for … 付高价）
pay off 还清（欠款）
pay sb a visit 造访某人
pay the bill 买单，付帐单
比如
He promised to pay the money back by Friday.
The old in our city don’t need to pay for transport.
After ten years of hard work he paid off all his debts at last.
（19）pick 短语
pick out 选择，认出
pick up 拾起，吸收，懂得（语言），开车去接，痊愈，购置（廉价商品）
比如
His story was picked out as the best by the judges.
The phone rang and I picked it up.
I’ll pick you up at the station.
I managed to pick up an American news broadcast.
After a short break they picked up the topic they talked about earlier.
I picked up the unusual stamp by accident.
I picked up a few words of Greek when I was there last year.
（20）put 短语
put away 将某物拾掇起身，存款，贮存，存起身
put down 息灭，安宁，制服，记下
put forward 提出，建议，举荐
put off 延期，拖延
put on （戏）演出，放（唱片），穿着
put on a performance 演出
put out 息灭，熄灭，使……截至燃烧，伸出，出书，生产
put up 挂起，张贴，举起，抬起，搭起，建设
put up with 忍受，隐忍
put into 使进去，输入，投入
put／translate…into 把……译成
put one’s heart into… 专心致志于……
put sb in / into prison 把某人关进牢狱
put …to use 运用……，运用……
put a date to sth 讲再过一天期
（对比set / fix the date 一定日期
to date 到现在为止）
put an end to … 结尾……
put …together 把……放在一同
比如
We put away the tools before we leave the workshop.
All the medical workers in the region helped to put down the influenza epidemic（流感）.
Never put off until tomorrow what you can do today.
We are putting the play on again next week owing to its success.
The firemen soon put the fire out.
The doctor told me to put out my tongue.
It’s time that we put up the Christmas decorations（粉首饰）in the living room.
Drop your weapons and put your hands up.
Another supermarket has been put up near our house.
I can’t put up with a lot of noisy people when I am working.
The government is putting more money into education this year.
As students, we should put our heart into studies.
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