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1.●calculate v. 盘算， 核算 It has been calculated that …
eg. It has been calculated that at least 47000 jobs were lost last year.
(be) calculated to do sth. eg. The speech was calculated to win votes.
2. call v. 叫;喊;买电话 a girl called Mary a girl calling herself Mary
call on call at sp. call for call up call off call in
3. calm adj. 平静的.沉稳的 calm down v.使平静 keep calm
4. camp n.营 v.野营;宿营 summer camp 夏令营 go camping 去野营
5. can 否认cannot= can’t
can’t help doing = can’t help but do 禁不住
can not…too… = can never…too… 越…越好/再…也不为过
You can never be too careful when crossing the street.
6. care n. 照料;保留 take care of 照料.保留 take care (that)…小心
v. 在意;介意 I don’t care. 我不在意/我不放在心上啦。
care for 喜欢;照料 care about 体贴;在意
7. careful adj. 仔细的;小心的 be careful of… 小心,小心 listen carefully
8. carry v. 拿;搬;运;背 carry on 连续.举行 carry out 实行.实行
9. case n. 情形;案件;病例 in case +句子/in case of +名词 万一
in this/that case 如果这样/那么话 in no case 绝不
as is often the case 现实经常这样 eg: As is often the case, women live longer than man.
There are some cases where this method won’t work.
10. ◎cash n. 现金 pay in cash /by check vt. 兑现 ~ a check
cash in on…从获取利润 The shop are cashing in on temporary shortage by raising prices.
11.●cast v. 扔，抛，撒
cast your net wide cast about/ around for sth cast sb./ sth out
cast sb./ sth aside be cast away be cast down cast sth off
12. catch—caught—caught catch up with 赶上
catch sight of 看见 catch sb. doing 撞见/捉住某人做某事
catch one’s eye= attract one’s attention 引起某人注重;引人醒目
13.●cater v. 供应(包-办)酒席，知足需要
cater for sth/sb : The class caters for all ability ranges.
cater to sth/ sb: It catered for all tastes.
14. cattle n. 牛(总称)单复同形 The cattle are in the shed. 牛在牛棚里啦。
15. cause n. 本因.原由 cause and effect 因果
the cause of fire/cancer 失火/症的原由
v. 引起;促使 The storm left, ____ a lot of damage to this area.
16. ◎cautious adj. 郑重的 小心的 be cautious of/ about
caution n. 郑重 小心 with caution 小心地
vt. 警告小心 caution sb. to do caution sb. against 警告某人小心
We were cautioned not to drive too fast.
17. celebrate v. 庆祝 celebrate one’s birthday celebrate Christmas
18.◎central adj. 中心的，***的 central bank/government
1) 主要的，主要的 play a central role in… 在…起着主导效果啦。
centre n. in the centre of the room
v. centre on /upon/ round /around…把…之中心 使…变成中心
19.◎ceremony n. 仪式，仪式 1) attend a wedding ceremony
2) stand on ceremony 拘于礼仪 without ceremony 卤莽无礼，不拘礼仪
20. certain adj. 一定的;无疑的 certainly adv.
be certain of= be sure of 对…确信的 be certain to do =be sure to do 一定会.一定
make sure/certain of… 保证.弄清晰 * It is certain that…
21.◎challenge face/ take up a challenge 面临/吸收挑战
challenging adj 拥有挑战性的 a challenging job
22. chance n. 机遇;应该性 give sb. a chance 给…一次机遇;
take a chance/chances 冒险;碰运气 by chance/accident 恰巧;
There is a/no chance that… 有应该/不该该…
23. change v. 更改.转变; n. 转变;零(不行数)
change…into… 把……变成; change one’s mind 更改主意
Great changes have taken place in China.
There is no time to get changed before the party. Do you have any change on/with you ?
24.●characteristic adj. 奇特的 n. 特色 特色 a key characteristic of…
25. charge n./vt charge…for… 收/要价几多;
charge sb. with sth/doing 控诉某人做了 get the phone charged 手机被充电;
The soldiers were charging forward bravely.战士们勇猛地向前冲啦。
take charge of 负-责.治理 in charge of 负-责;
in the charge of 被/由… 负-责; free of charge 不收取开支
26. chat v./n. 闲聊;闲谈 chat—chatted—chatted—chatting
have a chat with sb. 与某人闲聊; chat room 闲聊室
27. check v./ n. 搜查;核对;修正; 支 by check 用支支出
辨析 check examine
check 指核对某东西能否准确, examine 表搜查.视察.搜考核实等
check the answers check the mailbox 核实邮箱(看有无信)
examine your body/eyes examine the machine
28. cheer n./vi. 喝;喝A great cheer went up from the crowd.
cheer sb on 为某人加油 cheer up 振做起身;开心起身 Cheers 啦！ 一同碰杯
29. ◎cheerful adj 兴致勃勃的，开心地 a cheerful smile
30. cheque= check(美) 支 in cash 付现金 by check/cheque 用支支出
31. chicken c/n. 小鸡 u/n. 鸡肉 Would you like some chicken? 来点鸡肉怎样?
Don’t count your chickens before they are hatched.
不-要在还没孵出小鸡以前先数鸡啦。(别希望过早;别打吻合心意算盘)
32. chief adj. 主要的;主要的 n. 发袖;发导人 chiefs (复数)
33. choice c/n. 选择; choose v. 选择 choose—chose—chosen
make a choice /make choices 做选择 have no choice but to do 除…别无选择
We chose Bill as chairman. There are a lot of books to choose from.
34. Christmas Merry Christmas啦！ on Christmas Eve;
at Christmas 圣诞节时期 on Christmas 在圣诞节这天
35. church go to church; attend church 去教堂做星期
36. cinema 电影院 go to the cinema
37. circle n. 圆圈 vi 围绕，彷徨 The plane circled over the airport before landing.
38.●circulate v. 重复，散播，传阅
circulate sth (to sb.) The document will be circulated to all members.
39.●clarify v.廓清，声明，使…..纯真 clarify a situation/ problem/ issue
clarification n. seek clarification of
40. class after class; have classes; the first class 头号; the working class 工人阶级
41.●classify把……分类为 classify…into…
classify sb./ sth as … Only eleven of these accidents were classified as major.
42. clean v. 扫除;弄洁净 clean up;clean the table/the room adj. 清洁的
43. clear adj. 清晰的 clear water; clear glass; a clear explanation; make oneself clear
v 消除，转晴 clear away 雾烟等消失;clear up (天气)转晴; clearly adv.
44. close vt. 封锁 adj. 近的;精密的 adv. 近地
closely adv. 亲热地;仔细地 watch closely 亲热注视;仔细视察
a close friend; be/stand/get close to;
close the door/eyes; with his eyes closed/open close down 封锁.倒闭
45. cloth u/c 布料，抹布; a piece of cloth; a table cloth;
clothing u/n (总称) 衣服 a piece of clothing; an article of clothing clothes(pl.) 衣服;
46. coast 海岸 on/along the coast 在岸上/沿岸 off the coast 离海岸不远的场所
47. coffee a cup of coffee; a coffee/two coffees
48. coin c/n Every coin has two sides. 东西皆有两面性
49.●coincidence n.一同发生,恰巧
by coincidence what a coincidence a strange/ remarkable coincidence
50. collect vt. 搜集;搜集 collect stamps/stamp collecting 集邮
51.●collection珍藏品 a stamp collection have a large collection of books
52.●combine使结合,使结合 combine A with/ and B
53. come came-came-come come up with 提出;想出
come across 偶遇; come about 发生，发生; come on 加油;快点;得啦
come true 完成; come up 走近;被提出;想起;发芽come out 进去;出书
54. comfort v. 抚慰 u/n 恬静 live in comfort 生涯清闲; a comfort 使人抚慰的人或者事
comfortable adj. live a comfortable life comfortably adv. live comfortably
55.●command n.&v 下令，带发，掌控
at /by one’s command get command of under one’s command
have a good command of command sb. to do sth.
command that clause (should do)
56. ◎comment n. 谈论 make a comment on /about sth
vi comment on/ upon sth
57.●commit犯, 干(不佳的事)等 commit murder/ suicide commit sb/ yourself to sth/ doing
commit yourself (to sth): You don’t have to commit yourself now, just think about it.
58. common a common mistake 罕见过错; common practice 老例; common sense 知识
have much/a lot/ little/nothing in common; in common with… 和……一样
59. ◎communicate vt 转达，通报(想法，情感，想法等) communication n
He was eager to communicate his ideas to the group.
vi 与某人调换(信息或者新闻，看法等)，交流 communicate with sb
60. company u/n. 来往;陪同 c/n. 公司 keep sb. company 陪同某人
61. compare compare…with… 把…和…对比 ; compare…to… 把…比做…
compared with/to (做状语) 与…对比 Compared with/to other people, he is fortunate.
62.●compensate 赔偿,赔偿,填补 compensate for sth compensate sb for sth
63. ◎compete vi 竞赛，竞赛 competition n. compete with / against sb in sth for sth
64. complete adj. 完整的 v. 完结.结尾 a complete story 完整的以前经历的事情
complete the project completely adv. be completely destroyed 完全破坏
65. ●compromise退让;折衷，互让;和解
agree on a compromise make a compromise with by compromise
reach/ come to/ arrive at/ work out a compromise
66.●compulsory强迫的,责任的 It is compulsory for sb to do
It is compulsory for all motorcyclists to wear helmets. compulsory education/ schooling
compulsory purchase
67. ◎concentrate v. 会合(想法等) concentration n
I can’t concentrate with that noise going on.
concentrate (sth) on (doing) sth 会合…做…
I decided to concentrate all my efforts on finding somewhere to live
68. ◎concern v
1) 让某人担忧 What concerns me is our lack of preparation for the change.
2) 与…有关 be concerned with
3) 体贴，牵挂 be concerned about
4) 就…而言 as far as sb is concerned n. show a /no concern about
concerning prep. 关系到， 涉及
He asked me several questions concerning the future of the company.
69. concert 音乐会;演奏会 go to a concert a live concert 现场演奏的音乐会
70. ◎conclude v
1) 结尾 conclude (sth)(with sth) He concluded by wishing everyone a safe trip home.
2) 推想出conclude sth from sth What do you conclude from that?
conclusion n. draw /reach /come to a conclusion 得出结局
in conclusion 总之,最终 In conclusion, I would like to thank you.
71.●concrete,清晰的,详细的 concrete floor concrete evidence
72.●condemn vt. 训斥;判刑;宣布……有罪(与to连用) 迫令…吸收(逆境)，使…肯定
condemn sb/ sth for… condemn sb. to be condemned/ sentenced to…
73. condition 状态;条件
in good/excellent/bad/poor condition 处于优良/极佳/倒霉的状态
out of condition 不在状态; living conditions 生涯条件
* on condition that (连词) 如果;条件是
They agreed to lend us the car on condition that (only if) we returned it before the weekend.
74. ◎conduct vt.
1) 指导，带发 conduct sb around sp 2) 实行，实行 conduct an experiment
3) 带发 conduct a concert 4) 传导 conduct electricity
5) 行为，体现 conduct oneself n. 行-动，行为
75. ◎confident adj. be confident about/of sth
confidence n. 1) gain/lose confidence 2) have confidence in sb/sth
3) be in sb’s confidence 受某人信赖，是某人的心腹
4) take sb into your confidence 向某人吐露心里隐秘
76. ◎confirm vt. 证实一定，赞成，确认 confirm sth/ that/wh-
Rumours of job losses were later confirmed.
Has everyone confirmed (that) they are coming? Can you confirm what happened?
77.●conflict : in conflict with
78. ◎confuse vt 1)使糊涂，使疑惑
They confused me with conflicting accounts of what happened.
2) 混淆 confuse A with/and B Be careful not to confuse quality with quantity.
confusion n. 1) confusion about/over sth 迷惑
There is a confusion about what the correct procedure should be.
2) confusion between A and B 混淆 confusion between letters like “o啊” or “a啊”
79. congratulation n庆祝名词经常使用复数 Congratulations to you 啦！
congratulate v congratulate sb. on sth. 庆祝某人在某方方面面……
80. connect v. 1) connect A to/with/ and B 使联接，结合
The towns are connected by trains and bus services.
2) connect sth (to sth) 接通，使…联接 First connect the printer to the computer.
3) connect sb / sth (with sb / sth) , be connected with 与…有联系/关联
Theory is closely connected with practice.
4)为某人接通电话 Hold on, please, I’m trying to connect you.
81. ◎connection n. 联接物，来往，联系 in connection with sb/ sth 与…有关
A man has been arrested in connection with the murder of the manager.
82. ◎consequence n. 结局，结果;主要性，重-大
as a consequence /result in consequence 结局
as a consequence /result of in consequence of 由于
83. consider 1) 以为;把……看做; 2) 思考
1) consider sth/doing sth/wh- 思考 We are considering buying a new car.
He was considering what to do next.
2) consider sb/sth (as /to be) sth 以为 This award is considered (to be ) a great honor.
3) sb be considered to have done sth 以为某人以前做了某事
Bell is considered to have invented the telephone.
4) all things considered 从各方方面面由此可见，总而言之
84.●considerate : It is considerate of him to wait. considering prep.
85. ◎consideration n. 思考 take sth into consideration 思考到
Taking everything into consideration, the event was a great success.
All things _______ into consideration, I think his plan is practical.
86. ◎consist vi 包罗，组成，组成 1) consist of 由…组成 The committee consists of ten members.
2) consist in 在于，存在于 The beauty of the city consists in its magnificent buildings.
consistent adj 一样的 be consistent with 与…一样
87. ◎construction n. 建设，建设 be under construction 现在修筑中
construct vt 1)建设，修筑 construct a bridge 2) 建立 construct a theory
86. ◎consult vt 1) 咨询，讨教 consult sb (about) sth
2) 与某人商量 consult (with) sb about/on sth 3) 查阅，盘 consult a dictionary
88. contain v. container n. 容器，集装箱
1) 包罗/括 The book contains 12 units. 2)含有物质/成份Sea water contains a lot of salt.
3)包容.装有 The envelope contained 500 dollars.
89. content adj. 宁愿的，满足的;n.内容
be content with 知足于; be content to do 宁愿做某事
the content of the article 短文内容; read the contents of the book 读纲发
90. continue v. 连续 continue doing / to do / with
91. ◎contrary adj. 反以前的 Contrary to popular belief, many cats dislike milk.
n. 反以前，倒是on the contrary 反以前，反之
92.●contribute v. 1) contribute (sth) (to/ towards sth) 募捐，募捐
We contributed 5000 yuan to the earthquake fund.
2) contribute to 致使，有助于 Smoking contributes to lung cancer.
3) contribute (sth) (to sth) 撰稿，在开会或者谈判时期讲话，揭晓看法
She contributed (a number of articles )to the magazine.
We hope everyone will contribute to the discussion.
93. ◎ contribution n. 奉献，奉献 make a contribution to sth 对…做奉献
94. ◎ convenience n. 便利 at one’s convenience for one’s convenience
convenient adj It is convenient for sb to do sth
It is convenient to sb If (it is ) convenient
95.●convey 通报,转达,讲明 convey sth to sb convey sb/sth from …to…
96.●convince 使确信,使敬爱 convince sb/ yourself of sth
convince sb to do I have been trying to convince him to see a doctor.
convinced adj. be convinced of/ that: I am convinced that she is innocent.
I am convinced of her innocence.
97. corner n. 街角; 逆境; vt使…落入圈套 There is a hotel on / at the corner of the street.
drive / force sb into a corner 把某人逼入逆境 round / around the corner 很近，在四周
98.correct adj准确的，适当的; vt纠正，修正
I think you’ve made the correct decision. I spent all evening correcting essays.
correctly adv. Have you spelled it correctly?
99. cost n破费;价值，损失;vt需付费;使损失 the high / low cost of housing
she saved him from the fire but at the cost of her own life.
at all costs 不惜任何价值 You must stop the press from finding out at all costs.
The hospital will cost 2 million dollars to build.
That one mistake almost cost him his life.
100. count v数数;主要 Every point in this game counts.
count down 倒计时 count on sb/sth 依赖 I’m counting on you to help me.
112.couple n.两人.物;几私人.物;一对夫妇 a young / an elderly couple
I saw a couple of men get out . We went there a couple of years ago.
101. courage n. courageous adj
take courage (from sth) 因某事而兴起勇气; lose courage
102.course n.课程;航线;进-程;一道菜
take a course in art and design The plane was on/ off course.
an event that changed the course of history The main course was roast duck.
in course of sth 在…的历程中 in / over the course of 在…时期
103.cover v.遮掩;笼罩;涉及，处置;足以支出;行走一段旅程;占逐单方方面面积;报道
She covered her face with her hands.
Much of the country is covered by forest.
The survey covers all aspects of the company.
Your parents will have to cover your tuition fees.
$ 100 should cover your expenses.
By sunset we had covered thirty miles.
The park covers an area of 1000 square kilometers.
She is covering the conference.
104.crazy adj放肆的，愚蠢的，十分生气的;喜欢于
She must be crazy to lend him money. That noise is driving me crazy.
Rick is crazy about football.
like crazy/ mad 拼命地，放肆地 We worked like crazy to get it done on time.
105. ◎credit n. 1) on credit 赊购，赊欠 2) three credits 三个学分
3) credit card 信誉卡 4) to one’s credit 值得夸赞，使受尊重敬爱
( Much/ Greatly) to his credit, Jack refused to accept the gift.
106. cross v.穿越，横过;交织，交叠;adj生气的，恼怒的
cross the mountains 翻太高山 She sat with her legs crossed.
I was cross with him for being late. across prep. run across the road
107. crowd n.人群; v.挤满，使拥挤 Police had to break up the crowd.
Crowds of people poured into the street. Thousands of people crowded the narrow streets.
crowded adj拥挤的 In the spring the place is crowded with skiers.
108. cruel adj残暴的; 引起伤心的 be cruel to…
Her father’s death was a cruel blow.
cruelly adv. cruelty n
109.●cure cure sb of sth; find a cure for…
110.curious adj be curious about … be curious to do…
curiously adv. curiousity n.
111.custom n.民俗，民俗;私人习性
It is the custom in that country for women to marry young.
It was her custom to rise early.
112.cut v. have one’s hair cut
His salary has been cut by ten percent . 他的薪金减少了10%啦。
cut through 抄近路穿过;走近路
cut down 砍倒;减少，缩小 We need to cut the article down to 1000 words.
cut in 插嘴;打断 She kept cutting in on our conversation.
cut off 截至，中止;割掉，砍掉; 切断…的前进的路线;，之外界隔绝
Our water supply has been cut off.
He had his finger cut off in an accident at work.
The army was cut off from its base.
cut up 切碎 He cut up the meat on his plate.
cut sth out of sth 裁剪 She cut the dress out of some old materials.
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