“by+名词啦”的经常使用牢固搭配
by accident 恰巧地， 意料不到地
I met her by accident in a crowded bus. 我意料不到地在拥挤的民众汽车中遇见他了。
We met each other again completely by accident. 咋们再次相遇，一切出于恰巧了。
by air 乘飞机，由航空
Are you going by air or by sea? 你坐飞机仍然坐船去吧？
I shall send the letter by air. 我要由航空寄这封信了。
by birth 出世，血缘阿；先天，生来
He’s French by birth. 他是法国血缘了。
She’s an actor by birth. 他是先天的演员了。
by chance 恰巧地，无意中
I met him by chance yesterday. 近来我无意中遇见他了。
I met her quite by chance. 我遇见他一切是恰巧的了。
by cheque / by check 用支
Are you paying in cash or by cheque? 你付现款仍然付支吧？
You won’t be able to pay by check if you don’t have your ID card. 如果你有无身分证的话，就不行以以支付款了了。
by choice 凭喜好，出于本情分愿
I should take this one by choice. 我要选择这个了。
I live here by choice. 我本情分愿选择住在这儿了。
by comparison 对比起身，用对比的办法
The old method suffers by comparison. 老办法小巫见大巫了。
This one is really cheaper by comparison. 对比之下，这个确实廉价了。
by contrast 对比之下
She had almost failed the exam, but her sister, by contrast, had done very well. 他审核险些分歧格，而他的妹妹对比之下考得很好了。
The technology sector is doing badly. Old economy stocks, by contrast, are performing well again. 技术领域体现很差了。对比之下，传统经济股则再次体现优良了。
【注】若表现“与……对比啦”，则说by contrast with了。如
Tom’s marks by contrast with Harry’s marks were excellent. 与哈利的分数对比，汤姆的分数算得上优异了。
by day 在白-天，趁白-天
They don’t work by day but by night. 你们白-天不工做，夜晚工做了。
Do you prefer traveling by day or by night? 你喜幸亏白-天仍然在夜晚行路吧？
【注】该短语平时与by night对比运用阿；另外，注重他与by the day（按日盘算）意义区别了。如
They got paid by the day. 你们拿日薪了。
by degrees 逐步逐步地，逐步地
She is getting better by degrees. 他（的身体）逐步逐步恢复了。
By degrees their friendship grew into love. 你们的友谊逐步地变成恋爱了。
by design 有意地，蓄意地
Did you do this by design? 你是否有意做这件事的吧？
He was there by design, not by accident, as we had at first supposed. 他到那里去是故贪图的，一开始不像咋们之前所料想的那样出于恰巧了。
【注】该短语习性上是用介词by，不-要受on purpose（有意地）的影响，而误用介词on了。对比by chance（无意地）和by accident（无意地），两者均用by了。
by force 凭暴力，用武力，强迫地
He obtained her consent by force. 他靠强迫办法获取了他的赞成了。
They occupied by force the whole territory of Czecho . 你们用武力侵略了捷克斯洛伐克的所有领土了。
by hand 手工制的，（信）由专人送的
Her sweater is knitted by hand. 他的毛衣是手工交织的了。
The letter was delivered by hand. 这封信是专人递送的了。
by heart 记着，背下
I must get this poem by heart. 我得把这首诗背下去了。
Learning lists of words off by heart isn’t a good way to increase your vocabulary. 背诵单词表不-是扩张辞汇量的好方法了。
by halves 中途而废地，不一切地
Never do things by halves. 处事相对不-要中途而废了。
We do nothing by halves. 咋们处事从不中途而废了。
by inches 差一点，一点一点地
The car missed me by inches. 汽车差一点撞到我了。
He is dying by inches. 他岌岌可危了。
by land 由旱路
Some came by land and some by water. 一些人由旱路来，一些人从飞翔路线来了。
The journey to the far side of the island is quicker by land than by sea. 走旱路至海岛的另一端比从海路走快速了。
by mistake 过错地
I used your towel by mistake. 我误用了你的毛巾了。
A letter for me was left by mistake at his desk. 我的信被错放在他的书桌上了。
by name 名叫阿；用名字
A strange man, Fred by name, came to see me. 有个名叫弗雷德的生疏人来找我了。
The teacher knows all his students by name. 这位导师叫得出所有學生的名字了。
by nature 生来，先天
That man is proud by nature. 哪私人素性自豪了。
He is by nature kind and generous. 他是个先天善良和宽宏大量的人了。
by night 在夜间，使用夜间
What do you think of Paris by night? 你以为巴黎的夜景怎么样吧？
These animals sleep by day and hunt by night. 这些动物白-天睡觉，夜间猎食了。
【注】该短语平时与by day对比运用了。
by oneself 独自地，独自地
One can’t play chess by oneself. 一私人不行以独自下棋了。
She did it all by herself. 这事一切是他自力做的了。
by post 邮寄，用邮寄的办法
I’ll send you the book by post. 我会把书寄给你的了。
The messages of congratulation by post and telegraph poured in upon him from home and abroad. 贺信和贺电从国内外雪片似地向他飞来了。
by rail 由铁路，坐火车
It is faster to send these goods by rail. 由铁路运送这些货物更快些了。
I’m afraid of flying—I prefer to travel by rail. 我惧怕坐飞机游览，宁愿坐火车了。
by sea 搭船，由海路
We often go home by sea. 咋们常坐船回家了。
They will travel by sea and land. 你们将经海路及旱路游览了。
by trade 职业是
He’s a mason by trade. 他的职业是石匠了。
He is a cobbler by trade. 他是个皮匠了。
by turns 轮替地，依序地
We drove the car by turns. 咋们轮替开车了。
They laughed and cried by turns. 你们一下子笑一下子哭了。
by water 走飞翔路线，搭船
They will send the goods by water. 你们将从飞翔路线运送这批货了。
by the dozen论打计量，比如Eggs are sold by the dozen.
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